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Poor sleep can profoundly affect metabolic health by disrupting hormonal balance related to appetite, which is why this answer is correct. Sleep is crucial for maintaining the normal function of hormones that regulate hunger, such as leptin and ghrelin. Leptin, produced by fat cells, signals satiety to the brain, while ghrelin, produced in the stomach, stimulates hunger. When sleep is inadequate, leptin levels tend to decrease and ghrelin levels increase, leading to increased appetite and potential overeating. This hormonal imbalance can contribute to weight gain and may also negatively impact overall metabolic health by promoting fat storage and hindering weight management efforts.

In contrast, the other choices suggest effects that are either positive or misleading. Enhancing fat storage implies a detrimental effect of poor sleep but does not address the underlying hormonal disruptions. Regulating appetite more effectively contradicts the established relationship between sleep deprivation and hunger hormones. Positively impacting muscle growth is also incorrect, as adequate sleep is typically necessary for muscle recovery and growth, and lack of sleep can impair these processes.